Clauses-D5


 * Week 1-3-Clauses: Main and Subordinate Clauses**


 * I. Clauses and Phrases**

1.What is the difference between a clause and a phrase? A. **Definition of a clause**: A group of words containing a subject and a predicate and forming part of a compound or complex sentence. 1. **Examples:** (Clauses are bold-faced) a. **Allan thought** deeply b. **Wells was typing** an essay c. **I like to eat** fried chicken

B. **Definition of a phrase**: Two or more words in sequence that form a syntactic unit that is less than a complete sentence. 1. **Examples:** (Phrases are bold-faced) a. **Over the moon** b. **Turn a blind eye** c. **Back to square one**


 * II. Main (Independent) Clause**

1. What is a main clause? A. **Definition:** A clause in a complex sentence that contains at least a subject and a verb and can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence. Also called independent clause. Structure is subject + verb = complete sentence a. In the beginning of the school year, **lazy students whine** b. **My soda spilled** on my homework. c. When I went to the store, **my sister danced** around the house to Britney Spears.
 * Examples**: (main clauses are bold-faced)

2. How many main clauses do I need in each sentence? b. While at the party, **I danced** like a fool. c. While at the party, **I danced** like a fool, **Kristin jumped** on the couch, **Hector swam** in the pool, and **Victor climbed** onto the roof.
 * Answer**: Every sentence needs at least one main clause somewhere in the sentence, but every sentence can have multiple main clauses.
 * Examples:
 * a. When we were taking a very important physics test, **Bobby sneezed and coughed** constantly. Then when he stopped, **John popped** his bubblegum repeatedly.

3. What is a sentence fragment? a. **Toys of all kinds thrown everywhere
 * A. Definition**: A phrase or clause that is punctuated and capitalized as a sentence but does not constitute a complete grammatical sentence.
 * Examples:**
 * b. Coach Dietz exemplified this behavior by walking off the field in the middle of a game. **Leaving her team at a time when we needed her.
 * c. **A story with deep thoughts and emotions**.


 * III.Subordinate (Dependent) Clause**

1. What is a subordinate clause? a. We cannot answer the phone right now **because we are not here.** b. Some people ignore the news **because they don’t want to get depressed**. c. We went on a vacation **because we wanted to get away from everything for awhile**.
 * Definition**: a clause that does not express a complete thought, but depends on the rest of the sentence for meaning
 * Examples:** (subordinate clauses are bold-faced)

2. What is a subordinating conjunction? a. **Although** it was hot, he was wearing a coat. b. I lost my job **because** I was always late. c. Jack is very tall, **whereas** Jill is very short.
 * Definition**: A subordinating conjunction is a word which joins together a dependent clause and an independent clause.
 * Examples**: (subordinating conjunctions are bold-faced)

3. What is a relative pronoun? a. Negotiations were not going smoothly between the two leaders, **who** made no bones about not liking each other. b. Clinton knows that he is a polarizing figure **whom** people either love or hate. c. This is the approach taken by journalists, **whom** some consider to be objective.
 * Definition**: relative pronouns relate to another noun preceding it in the sentence. In doing so, they connect a dependent clause to an antecedent
 * Examples:** (relative pronouns are bold-faced)

1. What is a noun clause? a. I know that Latin is no longer spoken as a **native language**. b. I am talking about **what you bought at the mall**. c. **Whoever** broke the vase will have to pay for it.
 * IV. Noun Clauses, Adjective Clauses, Adverb Clauses**
 * Definition**: A noun clause is an entire clause which takes the place of a noun in another clause or phrase. Like a noun, a noun clause acts as the subject or object of a verb or the object of a preposition, answering the questions "who(m)?" or "what?".
 * Examples**: (noun clauses are bold-faced)

clause modifies a noun or pronoun, answering questions like "which?" or "what kind of?" a. I like the coat **which I bought yesterday**. b. There was something about the movie **which made him cry.
 * 2. What is an adjective clause?**
 * Definition**: An adjective clause is a dependent clause which takes the place of an adjective in another clause or phrase. Like an adjective, an adjective
 * Examples**: (adjective clauses are bold-faced)
 * c. Did I tell you **about the author whom I met**?

3. What is an adverb clause? Definition: An adverb clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb. It answers one of four questions: how, when, where, and why. Examples: (adverb clauses are bold-faced) a. The committee will meet **when the Prime Minister is in Ottawa**. b. The premier gave a speech **where the workers were striking**. c. **If the British co-operate**, the Europeans may achieve monetary union.

Bibliography: http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/claustyp.html http://www.dictionary.com http://www.web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/studyzone/330/grammar/subcon.htmelc/ http://www.englishplus.com http://www.chompchomp.com/terms http://www.owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_frag.html